“Assessment of the cancer potential of methanol.” Critical reviews in toxicology vol. “CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide To Chemical Hazards -Methyl Alcohol”.Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing 2021 Jan-. Available from: “CDC – The Emergency Response Safety And Health Database: Systemic Agent: METHANOL – NIOSH”.The following case study goes into great detail what happens when methanol is ingested accidentally through making homemade moonshine This led to some deaths and blindness due to accidental ingestions. A few companies had their products recalled when it was discovered that they were made with methanol instead of ethanol or isopropanol. Historical or unique exposuresĭuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of hand sanitizer skyrocketed. Once a patient becomes acidotic the best thing to do is hemodialysis and administration of folinic acid (promotes formate metabolism into less toxic chemicals). These antidotes are only effective if caught early enough. This is the preferred method because the therapeutic dose is more easily maintained during treatment. Similarly, Fomepizole blocks the conversion of methanol to formic acid and prevents acidosis, shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Ethanol is competitive with methanol when binding to alcohol dehydrogenase, so if ethanol can beat out methanol, methanol won’t be metabolized and its toxic metabolites won’t be produced. MOA and Antidote Competition (Image from Google Images)Įffective antidotes are ethanol and Fomepizole. There are no published studies linking methanol exposure to cancer or tumor growth. The most common permanent health effect following severe poisoning is blindness, brain damage that could result in difficulty walking/moving, damage to the peripheral nervous system, and encephalopathy. Greater than 8 hours post exposure there tend to be more severe effects: metabolic acidosis, blindness, kidney failure, seizures, coma, and death. Less than 8 hours post exposure: drowsiness, reduced level of consciousness, confusion, headache, dizziness, ataxia, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, visual disturbances, and heart and respiratory failure. The more time that passes from exposure to treatment the more severe the degree of toxicity. MOA and Toxic Effects (Image from Google Images) Signs and Symptoms of Toxicity 2 AcuteĮarly on after exposure there may not be much for signs or symptoms, but as the methanol continues to be metabolized, the levels of toxicity will increase.
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